Vernacular Design- Assam

Image Source:- https://ohfact.com/interesting-facts-about-assam/

Assam is a state in northeastern India known for its wildlife, archeological sites and tea plantations. Area: 78,438 km² Capital: Dispur Population: 30.94 million (2012) Official river: Brahmaputra River.
The Vernacular style of Assam mainly consists of three important significances- Hip (or Gable) Roof Use of Bamboos as major building materials. Higher Plinth level

Why the Vernacular Architecture of Assam is the way it is? 

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Bamboo is widely produced and cultivated in India's north-eastern areas. It affects both their social and cultural lives. Homes built of bamboo may be found in the eastern parts of India, and they are ever so rich in legacy, technology, and practicality. The houses are designed to withstand heavy monsoons and earthquakes.
Bamboo is a key building material both socially and commercially. 
Every year, Flood hits Assam. As a result, the higher plinth level protects the interior of the house from floods.
Assam is also situated in an earthquake-prone region. As a result, the dwellings are constructed from local and temporary resources. 
It averts a significant financial loss.

Understand this more with a case study:-


Traditional House in Assam


Image source:- archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/

This house is situated in Guwahati, Assam, India

British Colonial Architecture 

Prior to the arrival of the British, kings built buildings that were both economical and difficult to construct.
It is difficult for ordinary people to do so.
The common people's homes had thatch roofs and bamboo walls coated with a mud and cow dung mixture.
The British examined the local environment and construction materials and constructed comfortable and elegant structures as a result.
They had begun a unique style of construction that would eventually become the standard building type known as "assam type house."

Image source:- https://nenow.in/opinion/assam-type-house-a-tradition-that-withstands-change.html

Climate

The highlands of Assam have a nice sub-alpine climate. During the rainy seasons, however, the lowlands have a tropical climate. Winter begins at the end of October and continues until the middle of March. The temperature plummets to 6 to 8 degrees Celsius, and the nights and early mornings are hazy. Summer arrives in mid-May, bringing with it excessive humidity and rain. The temperature rises to a high of 35 to 38 degrees Celsius.
However The temperature is being lowered by the periodic rains.

Type of building

Image source:- archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/

The structure is a two-story house. Both sides of the building are symmetrical. A wooden stair case connects the first and second floors. house's front (chotal) and back (bari) sides have open spaces.


Building Material And Techniques


Image source:- archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/

Ikara was utilized to fill the internal panels of the timber frame walls. These ikaras are cut to the panel's size and stacked vertically. Bamboo is frequently used for horizontal members. The ikara is left to dry for a few days after it is placed. It is then coated with mud mortar on both sides. Three coats of plaster are applied alternately after each coat is dyed. The last coat is a liquid mud and cow poo mixture. The structure can only have two stories. The structure is symmetrical on both sides. A wooden staircase connects the first and second floors.

Roof

Image source:- archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/


The design of the roof is quite important. It has multiple levels and is multi-cornered. However, the inclination angle is the same. A corrugated iron sheet is used for the roof. Nails are used to securing the sheets to the timber purlin. A rubber washer is used to prevent raindrops from penetrating through the nail's side.

Image source:- archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/

Special Features

Image source:-https://roofandfloor.thehindu.com/real-estate-blog/traditional-assam-type-house/


Front Facade

Because the land is congested and there are so many houses on it, the front façade is critical for better ventilation. There are a lot of openings in this. Rainfall is limited by the presence of sheds. Arrange in various levels. In the front rooms, there should be more ventilation. The window's sill is around 60 cm from the ground, and the roof is slanted to give rain protection.

High Plinth Level

The height of the high plinth is approximately 60-70 cm. To lay a solid basis. Reduce the amount of dust and smoke that enters the house from the highways. To improve the circulation of light inside the building.

Entrance

Entrance There are two entrances. The front door is open to the street. Ideally constructed to meet their requirements. In front of the house, there is 10 metres of open space.

Flooring

Cement flooring is used for the flooring.

Image source:- https://gharpedia.com/blog/importance-of-vernacular-architecture-in-india/


References:-

.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1330-vernacular-architecture-of-north-east-india-building-with-bamboo/
https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/

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